Mishra L, Tully RE, Monga SP, Yu P, Cai T, Makalowski W, Mezey E, Pavan WJ and Mishra B. Mishra L, Cai T, Levine A, Weng D, Mezey E, Mishra B and Gearhart J. Maurice M, Rogier E, Cassio D and Feldmann G. Ma Y, Zimmer WE, Riederer BM, Bloom ML, Barker JE, Goodman SR and Goodman SM. Lombardo CR, Weed SA, Kennedy SP, Forget BG and Morrow JS. Kennedy SP, Weed SA, Forget BG and Morrow JS. Harrison SM, Dunwoodie SL, Arkell RM, Lehrach H and Beddington RS. Hammerton RW, Krzeminski KA, Mays RW, Ryan TA, Wollner DA and Nelson WJ. Goodman SR, Zimmer WE, Clark MB, Zagon IS, Barker JE and Bloom ML. Goodman SR, Zagon IS, Whitfield CF, Casoria LA, Shohet SB, Bernstein SE, McLaughlin PJ and Laskiewicz TL. Goodman SR, Krebs KE, Whitfield CF, Riederer BM and Zagon IS. Cytoskeleton 12: 225–247.Ĭook J, Hou E, Hou Y, Cairo A and Doyle D. 162: 156–159.Ĭoleman TR, Fishkind DJ, Mooseker MS and Morrow JS. 1991 Development 113: 217–225.Ĭhomczynski P and Sacchi N. 1992 Enzyme 46: 155–168.Ĭai T, Yu P, Monga SPS, Mishra B and Mishra L. Methods 17: 361–364.īouwens L, De Bleser P, Vanderkerken K, Geerts B and Wisse E. The differential expression, tissue localization, and functional studies demonstrate the importance of elf3 in modulating interactions between various components of the cytoskeleton proteins controlling liver and bile duct development.Īltschul SF and Gish W. Antisense studies utilizing cultured liver explants show a vital role of elf3 in hepatocyte differentiation and intrahepatic bile duct formation. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrate ELF labeling of the basolateral or sinusoidal membranes surface as well as a granular cytoplasmic pattern in hepatocytes. ![]() ![]() Western blot with a polyclonal antibody against ELF identifies a 200 kD protein in mouse liver, brain, kidney, and heart tissues. Northern blot analysis utilizing an elf3 3′-UTR probe demonstrates an abundant 9.0-kb transcript in brain, liver, and heart tissues. Linkage analysis reveals that elf3 maps to mouse chromosome 11 between D11Bir6 and D11Xrf477, a different chromosomal locus from that of the other four spectrin genes. ELF3 is characterized by an actin- binding domain, a long repeat domain, and a short regulatory domain remarkable for the absence of a PH domain. ELF3 comprises 2154 residues with an overall similarity of 89.0% and 95.3% to mouse β-spectrin (βSpIIΣS1) at the nucleotide and amino acid level, respectively. As a result, we have cloned three isoforms of a novel β-spectrin elf (embryonic liver β-fodrin), and here we report the analysis of elf3, the longest isoform (8172 nt). Our strategy for identifying genes important for hepatocyte polarity has been to utilize subtractive hybridization of early embryonic mouse cDNA liver libraries. Β-spectrins are crucial for the maintenance of cell shape, the establishment of cell polarity, and the formation of distinct membrane domains.
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